Working Principle
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The Evaporator is divided into two cubicles the Inner Cubicle and the Outer Cubicle. Chlorine liquid is transferred directly from the source to the inner cubicle by container pressure. The Inner Cubicle is immersed in a temperature controlled Steam bath, which increases the temperature of chlorine causing it to boil and vaporize. Chlorine liquid enters the Inner Cubicle and maintains the required level necessary to meet the vaporization rate for gas demand. Automatically, a change in gas demand will cause the chlorine liquid level to adjust. The gas thus released is superheated as it passes through series of baffles while leaving the cubicle. Generally a superheated gas is required to prevent reliquification of chlorine in the process lines.
Installation
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The Evaporator should be located close to the source of chlorine. The length of the chlorine gas and liquid pipelines should be as short as possible. All the safety equipments should be handy. The plant should have provisions for exhausting chlorine gas, if a leak develops. Ideally a chlorine gas leak absorption system can be provided. It is recommended to fix a lifting device above the Evaporator to remove the inner cubicle. Consistent supply of saturated steam at recommended pressure, temperature and flow rate should be provided for reliable performance of the steam heated Evaporator.
Safety Features
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This Evaporator is designed to self adjust the liquid chlorine level thereby preventing the build up of excessive pressure. An automatic or manual Shut-Off Valve and Pressure Relief Valve, Cathodic Protection, Steam Valve, Condensate Trap, Drain Valve, Pressure Gauge and Temperature Gauge is also included for safe operation.
This Evaporator is designed for reliability, safety and very little maintenance. This Evaporator can be made fully automatic or partially automatic depending upon the level of automation and sophistication required by the Client...
============
The Evaporator is divided into two cubicles the Inner Cubicle and the Outer Cubicle. Chlorine liquid is transferred directly from the source to the inner cubicle by container pressure. The Inner Cubicle is immersed in a temperature controlled Steam bath, which increases the temperature of chlorine causing it to boil and vaporize. Chlorine liquid enters the Inner Cubicle and maintains the required level necessary to meet the vaporization rate for gas demand. Automatically, a change in gas demand will cause the chlorine liquid level to adjust. The gas thus released is superheated as it passes through series of baffles while leaving the cubicle. Generally a superheated gas is required to prevent reliquification of chlorine in the process lines.
Installation
=======
The Evaporator should be located close to the source of chlorine. The length of the chlorine gas and liquid pipelines should be as short as possible. All the safety equipments should be handy. The plant should have provisions for exhausting chlorine gas, if a leak develops. Ideally a chlorine gas leak absorption system can be provided. It is recommended to fix a lifting device above the Evaporator to remove the inner cubicle. Consistent supply of saturated steam at recommended pressure, temperature and flow rate should be provided for reliable performance of the steam heated Evaporator.
Safety Features
===========
This Evaporator is designed to self adjust the liquid chlorine level thereby preventing the build up of excessive pressure. An automatic or manual Shut-Off Valve and Pressure Relief Valve, Cathodic Protection, Steam Valve, Condensate Trap, Drain Valve, Pressure Gauge and Temperature Gauge is also included for safe operation.
This Evaporator is designed for reliability, safety and very little maintenance. This Evaporator can be made fully automatic or partially automatic depending upon the level of automation and sophistication required by the Client...
2 comments:
Multiple Effect evaporator, water is boiled in a sequence of vessels, each held at a lower pressure than the last. Because the boiling point of water decreases as pressure decreases, the vapour boiled off in one vessel can be used to heat the next, and only the first vessel (at the highest pressure) requires an external source of heat. This is called multiple effect and no of stages / effects is depend on quantity of vessel / calendria in sequence. Theoretically, one kg of steam evaporates one kg of water. In multiple effect evaporator, one kg of steam evaporates up to 6kg of water by no of effects and vapour recirculation by thermo vapour recompressor. It is called as steam economy 1:6.
Feed is preheated to nearby boiling temperature in Pre heater that connected with all calendria. All calendria are operated at stage by stage vacuum with reduced temperature. So feed is preheated by stage wise from lower temperature to higher. Then it is passed via first calendria tube bundles as fine film layer over the tube surface area. In shell side fresh Steam is given via Thermo Vapour Compressor. Feed is heated and evaporated in calendria. Evaporated Vapour is separated in Vapour Separator, vapour is sent to second calendria Shell side. Un evaporated feed is transferred to second calendria tube side. Here further evaporation is done. So each calendria evaporates feed and concentrate coming out from last calendria. In this system, concentration is achieved by stage by stage and each calendria have higher concentration as stage increases.
A part of evaporated vapour is recycled to first calendria via thermo vapour recompressor. In Thermo Vapour Compressor, Fresh Steam with pressure is passed via steam nozzle. Steam produce high velocity and produce a venturi Effect. This will recirculation a part of evaporated vapour. By using Thermo Vapour compressor and multiple stages, steam economy up to 1:6 is achieved. This result depends on feed water quality.
In last vapour separator, evaporated vapour is condensed by direct contact condenser or indirect contact condenser. In direct contact condenser, cooling water from cooling tower is sprayed in top and absorbs, condense vapour in to water. This will heat cooling water and returned to cooling tower to reduce temperature. In indirect contact condenser, vapour is condensed by cooling tower water by heat exchanger (shell & tube / Plate type). Non condensable gas from system is removed by water ring vacuum pump.
We installed many falling film evaporator capacity up to 280KLD for various industries. Mainly falling film evaporator are suitable for handling reverse osmosis reject water and having more than 40,000mg/l TDS. This system evaporates up to 90% of feed and gives concentrate 300gram per litre. This concentrate is dried in drier / crystallized in crystallizer / or handled with forced circulation with pusher centrifuge.
http://www.evaporatormanufacturer.com/Falling_Film_Evaporator.html
Multiple Effect evaporator, water is boiled in a sequence of vessels, each held at a lower pressure than the last. Because the boiling point of water decreases as pressure decreases, the vapour boiled off in one vessel can be used to heat the next, and only the first vessel (at the highest pressure) requires an external source of heat. This is called multiple effect and no of stages / effects is depend on quantity of vessel / calendria in sequence. Theoretically, one kg of steam evaporates one kg of water. In multiple effect evaporator, one kg of steam evaporates up to 6kg of water by no of effects and vapour recirculation by thermo vapour recompressor. It is called as steam economy 1:6.
Feed is preheated to nearby boiling temperature in Pre heater that connected with all calendria. All calendria are operated at stage by stage vacuum with reduced temperature. So feed is preheated by stage wise from lower temperature to higher. Then it is passed via first calendria tube bundles as fine film layer over the tube surface area. In shell side fresh Steam is given via Thermo Vapour Compressor. Feed is heated and evaporated in calendria. Evaporated Vapour is separated in Vapour Separator, vapour is sent to second calendria Shell side. Un evaporated feed is transferred to second calendria tube side. Here further evaporation is done. So each calendria evaporates feed and concentrate coming out from last calendria. In this system, concentration is achieved by stage by stage and each calendria have higher concentration as stage increases.
A part of evaporated vapour is recycled to first calendria via thermo vapour recompressor. In Thermo Vapour Compressor, Fresh Steam with pressure is passed via steam nozzle. Steam produce high velocity and produce a venturi Effect. This will recirculation a part of evaporated vapour. By using Thermo Vapour compressor and multiple stages, steam economy up to 1:6 is achieved. This result depends on feed water quality.
In last vapour separator, evaporated vapour is condensed by direct contact condenser or indirect contact condenser. In direct contact condenser, cooling water from cooling tower is sprayed in top and absorbs, condense vapour in to water. This will heat cooling water and returned to cooling tower to reduce temperature. In indirect contact condenser, vapour is condensed by cooling tower water by heat exchanger (shell & tube / Plate type). Non condensable gas from system is removed by water ring vacuum pump.
We installed many falling film evaporator capacity up to 280KLD for various industries. Mainly falling film evaporator are suitable for handling reverse osmosis reject water and having more than 40,000mg/l TDS. This system evaporates up to 90% of feed and gives concentrate 300gram per litre. This concentrate is dried in drier / crystallized in crystallizer / or handled with forced circulation with pusher centrifuge.
http://www.evaporatormanufacturer.com/Falling_Film_Evaporator.html
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